Ζζ
MATHEMATICS
- Riemann zeta function ζ(s).
- Occurs in series and number theory.
PROBABILITY
- Less common; appears in special functions.
- Sometimes used as a parameter/constant in specific models.
STATISTICS
- Rare as a standard; used in some contexts as auxiliary parameter.
- If used, it's author-specific convention.
PRONUNCIATION
- Ancient Greek
- sound [dz]
- Modern Greek
- ζήτα [ˈzita] · sound [z]
IN FORMULAS
- ζ(2) = Σ 1/n² = π²/6The Riemann zeta function at 2 (the Basel problem).
HOW TO WRITE IT — click to copy
lowercase
uppercasesame as the Latin letter: LaTeX has no command for it
DON'T CONFUSE IT
- ζ ξ ς γ ζ has a single turn before the tail; ξ has two; ς is the final sigma.
- ξ ζ ε ς ξ has two turns stacked before the tail — like a 3 with a tail; ζ has only one.
Note: notations vary between books/fields; these are the most common usages.